The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of racially offensive language and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell says that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news emerged that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also faced prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building welcoming environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sibling passed away recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation works to connect with children in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the pitch with complimentary sports coaching, guidance and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more comfortable others will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this flag and continue carrying this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the ability to transform their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022